Evolutionary Dynamics of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A and Its Endemic Sub-Lineage A/ASIA/Iran-05/SIS-13 in Pakistan

Evolutionary Dynamics of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A and Its Endemic Sub-Lineage A/ASIA/Iran-05/SIS-13 in Pakistan

Blog Article

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes severe economic losses to the livestock industry of endemic countries, including Pakistan.Pakistan is part of the Mechanical pencil endemic pool 3 for foot and mouth disease viruses (FMDV), characterized by co-circulating O, A, and Asia 1 serotypes, as designated by the world reference laboratory for FMD (WRL-FMD).FMDV serotype A lineage ASIA/Iran-05 is widespread in buffalos and cattle populations and was first reported in Pakistan in 2006.This lineage has a high turnover, with as many as 10 sub-lineages reported from Pakistan over the years.In this study, we reconstructed the evolutionary, demographic, and spatial history of serotype A and one of its sub-lineages, A/ASIA/Iran-05/SIS-13, prevalent in Pakistan.

We sequenced nearly complete genomes of three isolates belonging to sub-lineage A/ASIA/Iran-05/SIS-13.We estimated recombination patterns and natural selection acting on the serotype A genomes.Source and transmission routes in Pakistan were inferred, and the clustering pattern of isolates of the SIS-13 sub-lineage were mapped on a tree.We hereby report nearly complete genome sequences of isolates belonging to sub-lineage A/ASIA/Iran-05/SIS-13, along with purported recombinant Liver Support Formulas genomes, and highlight that complete coding sequences can better elucidate the endemic history and evolutionary pressures acting on long-term co-circulating FMDV strains.